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 |
S.No |
TAMIL |
ENGLISH |
1 |
 |
after |
2 |
 |
as / because / since / now that |
3 |  |
as long as
|
4 |  |
as soon as |
5 |  |
before |
6 |  |
even as / just as |
7 |  |
if/in case/provided/suppose/ supposing/inversion of subject and auxiliaries such as should, were and had |
8 |
 |
though/ although
|
9 |
 |
that |
10 |
 |
until/ till |
11 |
 | when/while |
12 |
 | even |
13 |
 | by the time |
14 |
 | as if / as though |
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Table 2.1 COMPLEX SENTENCES IN TAMIL AND ENGLISH
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|
TAMIL |
ENGLISH |
 |
After he has studied that book, he will give it to her.
After he had studied that book, he gave it to her. |
 |
As Ram is unwell, he cannot go to the office.
As Ram was unwell, he could not go to the office. |
 |
As the students study well, they will pass the examination.
As the students studied well, they passed the examination. |
 |
As he has seen that film twice, he will not see it again.
As the workers (had) finished the work, they went home.
Note : The past perfect is used to emphasize that the first action was completely finished before the second one started. |
 |
As soon as that woman got the money, she bought a book.
Before she got to the bus station, the bus had left. |
 |
PROBABLE CONDITIONIf you study well, you will pass the examination. (Positive)
Note : 'Will' can be replaced by may, can, must, should, ought to etc.
If you don't study well, you will not pass the examination. (Negative)
(or)
Unless you study well, you will not pass the examination. (Unless = if…not)
|
 | IMPROBABLE CONDITION
If I was/were rich, I could buy a car
If she dropped the pen, it would break. |
 |
IMPOSSIBLE CONDITION
If I had seen that snake, I would have shot it.
If she had not studied well, she would not have passed the examination.
|
| |
|
 |
Though/although the supervisor is sick, he will attend office.
Though the supervisor was sick, he attended office. |
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Note :
1. The complex sentence must have two subjects. But when the subjects are the
same in Tamil, one subject is dropped. In that process it becomes a complex
as well as a simple sentence.
2. The numbered complex sentences are formed from the compound sentences
found in Lesson - 1, Part – IV. |
Table 2.1 Continued |
|
TAMIL |
ENGLISH |
 |
Though Tom runs fast, he will not get a prize.
Though Tom ran fast, he did not get a prize.
|
 |
When the engineer buys a car, he will present it to his wife.
When the engineer (had) bought a car, he
presented it to his wife. |
 |
While she was running, she was talking.
While he was with his parants, he was a good student.
Even as he shouted the warning, the car collided with a lorry. |
 |
Until I finish the work, I will not eat anything.
Until I finished the work, I did not eat anything.
|
 |
The athlete runs fast so that he may win a prize. (Purpose)
The athlete ran fast so that he might win a prize. (Purpose) |
 |
The athlete ran so fast that he won a prize. (Result)
|
|
Note:
Table 2.1 Continued |
TAMIL |
ENGLISH |
 |
The District Collector is such a good man that all praise him.
Or
The District Collector is so good that all praise him.
|
 | The old man is so tired that he cannot stand.
The old man was so tired that he could not stand.
|
 |
The more he has the more he wants.
The more he had the more he wanted.
|
 |
As long as she lives in that house, he will not enter it.
By the time you arrive, I will have written those letters.
|
 |
The manager will help you as far as he can.
Even though / even if he did not run fast, he got a prize.
|
 |
He talks as if / as though he is a minister.
|
 | Subject + Verb + Prepositional Clause
The scientist gives a talk on how he has invented that machine.
The scientist gave a talk on how he had invented that machine.
|
|
Table 2.1 Continued |
TAMIL |
ENGLISH |
 | Sub + Verb + that/what/whether, etc. clause
I hope that you will succeed.
We can prove that the earth is round.
|
 | I wonder whether he will come.
I understand what you mean.
|
 | He will support whatever you do.
They did as I had asked.
|
 |
You should have done what I (have)
told you.
I don’t know what I ought to do/what to do/
which to buy/ when to begin/ whether to go or stay.
|
 | Sub + Verb + Prepositional Phrase + that, what, etc. clause
The employers announced to the workers that they had met their demands.
He indicated to the students where they should assemble/where to assemble.
|
 | Sub + Verb + Noun + that, what, etc. clause
The captain told the soldiers that the job wouldn’t be easy.
He gave me what I wanted.
|
 | He told me how I could escape/how to escape/whom to trust/whether to go or stay
|
|
Table 2.1 Continued
|
TAMIL |
ENGLISH |
 | Sub + Verb + adj. + that/whether/what, etc. clauses
I am certain that you have made a mistake.
It is doubtful whether he will succeed.
|
 |
He is uncertain what he will do next.
|
 | Use of who, which, where and when
This is the man who saved us.
(or)
The man who saved us is this.
Those who came late missed the concert.
|
 | This is the book which he wants.
(or)
The book which he wants is this.
|
 | This is the place where he lived .
(or)
The place where he lived is this.
|
 | This is the time when we must act.
(or)
The time when we must act is this.
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